Roman Paragraph pg: 90-94

Italy and its people:
Latins arrived at Mediterraean land.
Commanded: southward and eastward to the territories of Greek, Egyptain, and Mesopatamian civilization, northward and westward to the lands of barbarian Europe.
Latins = Tiber River; "Seven Hills"
750 B.C. = form single city-state ROME
Roman Civilization: Etruscans and the Greeks
Etuscans = non-Indo European; controlled: Eturia and Latium
Romans adopted: gridiron street plan, gladitorial combats and the masonry arch.

The Roman Republic: The Senate and the People
patricians - Upper-class citizens who belonged to the oldest and noblest Roman families.
Republic - In reference to Ancient Rome, the system of city-state gov. in which descision making power was sshared between the Senate and assaemblies of male citizens. = mix of democracy and oligarchy.

Patricians and Plebeians:
Plenains - the Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians.
Senate - In Ancient Rome, a gov. assembly appointed by the king, and under the Republic by the consuls; originally all members were particians, but in time wealthy plebeians were appointed as well.
consuls - In the Roman Republic = 2 senators who led the gov. and  military for 1 yr terms and appointed their own successors; they were a guarentee v.s. a revival of monarchy.
Dicator - In the Romaa Republic, a single leader w/ full decision-making powers, appointed for a    maxium 6 month term during times of emergency.
Tribunes - Magristrates elected by the plebeians, who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws.
sacred tradition laws were passed down orally and interpreted by judges.
Code = engraved on 12 slabs of wood or bronze. > "12 Tables"

"Mixed" Government
client = a person who provides personal services in return for money and protection from a patron.
patron = a wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services.

Republican Values:
12 Tables = influenced the Romans behaviors and achievements

The City and the Gods:
Rome had special relationship with 3 deities: Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Minerva (Athena)
Pontiff - In Ancient Rome, one of the Republic's leading preists.

Citizens and the Community:
Beliefs: It was the right and duty of the men of the community to fight its wars.
Cincinnatus - plowing field at home; served as dicator; won; went back to plowing.

The Community and the Family:
paterfamilias - The "family father" in Ancient Rome, who had unlimited power over his housled
Republic's most important deities - Vesta = goddess of hearth and home.
Matron - Title of honor given to a married woman in Ancient Rome.
Lucretia - raped by king's son and killed herself > men needed to have qualities they needed to keep Republican strong.